{
  "$schema": "https://datapackage.org/profiles/2.0/datapackage.json",
  "name": "orlero-emissions-factors",
  "id": "https://orlero.com/data/emissions",
  "title": "Orlero emission factors and corridor emissions",
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "created": "2026-09-18",
  "description": "The emission factors orlero.com applies to every journey it shows, what each one is traced to, and the resulting grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per passenger on 9,004 European and global corridors where more than one mode of transport runs. Every figure is derived: a published factor multiplied by a modelled great-circle distance. Nothing here is measured from a vehicle. Three of the eight factors could not be traced to any published row: both aviation figures, which are applied to every flight, and a high-speed rail figure that is applied to nothing. Their source cells are empty rather than filled with a guess.",
  "homepage": "https://orlero.com/data/emissions",
  "licenses": [
    {
      "name": "CC-BY-4.0",
      "path": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
      "title": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International"
    }
  ],
  "keywords": [
    "emission factors",
    "carbon dioxide equivalent",
    "passenger transport",
    "rail",
    "coach",
    "aviation",
    "ferry",
    "modal comparison",
    "transport emissions",
    "provenance"
  ],
  "contributors": [
    {
      "title": "Orlero",
      "path": "https://orlero.com",
      "roles": [
        "author",
        "publisher"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "title": "CE Delft, Methodology for GHG Efficiency of Transport Modes, final report for the European Environment Agency under framework contract EEA/ACC/18/001 lot 1",
      "path": "https://cedelft.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2021/05/CE_Delft_200258_Methodology_GHG_Efficiency_Transport_Modes.pdf"
    },
    {
      "title": "European Environment Agency, greenhouse gas emission efficiency of different transport modes, EU-27, 2018, well to wheel",
      "path": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/maps-and-charts/ghg-efficiency-of-different-transport-figures"
    },
    {
      "title": "UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero and Defra, Greenhouse gas reporting: conversion factors 2024, methodology paper and flat file",
      "path": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2024"
    },
    {
      "title": "Orlero network graph, places and operator registry, as committed in apps/web/src/data",
      "path": "https://orlero.com/methodology"
    }
  ],
  "resources": [
    {
      "name": "factors",
      "path": "data/factors.csv",
      "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
      "title": "Emission factors as implemented, with provenance",
      "description": "One row per factor the implementation can select. g_co2e_per_pkm is a transcription of packages/domain/src/geo.ts and is checked against it by an automated test, so the table cannot quietly drift from the product. Everything after it is the provenance work.",
      "format": "csv",
      "mediatype": "text/csv",
      "encoding": "utf-8",
      "hash": "sha256:2bbd6d9a9d929e840acfe6a3d9f91e66d6e6e39e1956c998b2ade4a7ea6763b6",
      "dialect": {
        "delimiter": ",",
        "lineTerminator": "\n",
        "quoteChar": "\"",
        "doubleQuote": true,
        "header": true
      },
      "schema": "metadata/schema.factors.json"
    },
    {
      "name": "corridor_emissions",
      "path": "data/corridor_emissions.csv",
      "profile": "tabular-data-resource",
      "title": "Emissions per passenger on corridors served by more than one mode",
      "description": "One row per mode per corridor, restricted to the 9,004 city pairs where at least two modes run, because a comparison between modes is only a comparison when both halves come from the same pair. Distances are great circle times a detour factor, rounded to whole kilometres before the factor is applied, which is exactly what the product does.",
      "format": "csv",
      "mediatype": "text/csv",
      "encoding": "utf-8",
      "hash": "sha256:1fcdb8671f2eaf5ad11a464c7f950506815787adc814a62407c68281ad74b5f4",
      "dialect": {
        "delimiter": ",",
        "lineTerminator": "\n",
        "quoteChar": "\"",
        "doubleQuote": true,
        "header": true
      },
      "schema": "metadata/schema.corridor_emissions.json"
    }
  ]
}